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<title>Coolant | HiAPI-C# 2025 </title>
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<article data-uid="Equipment/Coolant">
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<h1 id="coolant">Coolant</h1>
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<p>Two thermal settings sit beside each other in the equipment tree: how the cutting zone is cooled,
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and how warm the shop is around it. Both feed the milling-temperature model, so they move computed
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temperatures and everything downstream of them — and setting them needs no heat-transfer numbers at
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all, because the cooling types ship as ready-made files.</p>
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<h2 id="where-it-is">Where it is</h2>
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<p>The General Setup page, at <code>/general-setup</code>, reached from the menu bar's <strong>Page</strong> dropdown.
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<strong>Background</strong> (<code>/general-setup?tree=equipment/background</code>) and <strong>Coolant</strong>
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(<code>/general-setup?tree=equipment/coolant</code>) are two leaves of the Control Tree, sitting together
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between Spindle Capability and Fixture. Both are inert until a project is open: the fields are
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disabled and the panel says so.</p>
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<p>The <strong>Coolant</strong> leaf selected on a demo project. The panel under the tree opens with the file row —
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the <strong>Select</strong> dropdown, the path field reading <em>No coolant file (saved inline)</em>, and <strong>Save As…</strong>
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— then the read-only <strong>Name</strong> and <strong>Note</strong> of whatever file is loaded, and then the condition's own
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values. Neither leaf puts anything in the middle column.</p>
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<p><img src="coolant-img/coolant-leaf.en.png" alt="The Coolant leaf of the Control Tree selected on the General Setup page, its panel showing the Select dropdown and empty file path above read-only Name and Note fields, then a Coolant Temperature of 25 °C and a Flood Convection Coefficient of 1000 W/(m²·K) with the app's own guidance underneath it"></p>
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<h2 id="pick-a-cooling-type">Pick a cooling type</h2>
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<p>The three standard cooling types ship as ready-made <code>.CoolantHeatCondition</code> files, so picking one
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<em>is</em> the cooling-type selection — exactly the way a workpiece material file is picked.</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Select the <strong>Coolant</strong> leaf.</li>
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<li>Open the <strong>Select</strong> dropdown at the left of the file row and choose <strong>Browse Resource…</strong>. It
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opens the file picker in the shipped library's own coolant folder, so the three files below are
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what it lists. <strong>Browse…</strong> above it opens the same picker without that jump, which is how a
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condition you saved yourself is reached.</li>
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<li>Pick the file that matches the machine.</li>
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</ol>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Shipped file</th>
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<th>Pick it when</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>StandardForcedAir</strong></td>
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<td>The machine only blows air at the cutter — no liquid coolant.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>StandardWaterSolubleCoolant</strong></td>
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<td>Water-based emulsion coolant, the common flood coolant.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>StandardOilBasedCoolant</strong></td>
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<td>Neat-oil cutting fluid: better lubrication, noticeably less heat removal than water-based.</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>Loading a file fills the read-only <strong>Name</strong> and <strong>Note</strong> and every value below them, and reports the
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name it loaded.</p>
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<p><strong>A project nobody has touched here is not neutral.</strong> Every project carries a coolant condition from
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the moment it exists, and it starts on the water-soluble numbers — 25 °C, a flood baseline of
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1000 W/(m²·K), a mist ratio of 0.5 and 50 W/(m²·K) with the coolant off. The read-only <strong>Name</strong> is
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blank, because no file has been picked, and that blank is the only sign that nobody chose these
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values. A dry-cutting machine left alone therefore simulates as though it were flooded with
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water-soluble coolant, and its computed temperatures come out low.</p>
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<h2 id="the-four-values">The four values</h2>
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<p>They are visible whether or not a file is loaded, and editing one tunes <em>this project's</em> copy rather
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than the file it came from. Each carries the app's own working range as a hint:</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Field</th>
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<th>What it is</th>
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<th>Range the panel suggests</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Coolant Temperature</strong> (°C)</td>
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<td>The temperature of the coolant as it arrives at the cut</td>
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<td>—</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Flood Convection Coefficient</strong> (W/(m²·K))</td>
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<td>Heat removal with the coolant on</td>
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<td>Forced air 10–500; typical liquid coolant 1000–10000</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Mist / Flood Ratio</strong></td>
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<td>Mist heat removal relative to flood</td>
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<td>Typically 0.4–0.8</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Off (Air) Convection Coefficient</strong> (W/(m²·K))</td>
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<td>Heat removal with the coolant off</td>
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<td>Natural air 5–25; forced air inside an enclosure about 50</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>Negative temperatures are accepted, for cryogenic coolant; the three convection coefficients cannot
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go below zero.</p>
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<p>Which of the three coefficients is in force at any moment is not decided here — the NC program's own
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M07 / M08 / M09 decide it, step by step. That, and what the numbers do to the simulation, are
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<a class="xref" href="../../technique/milling-physics/coolant-model.html">Coolant Model</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="keeping-a-tuned-condition">Keeping a tuned condition</h2>
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<p><strong>Save As…</strong> writes the current values out as a <code>.CoolantHeatCondition</code> file in the project folder
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and starts tracking it, so the project saves a reference to the file instead of a copy of the
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values. It offers a name taken from the loaded condition; a file picked from the shipped library
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loses its <code>.default</code> marker on the way, because that marker means <em>shipped</em> and a file you saved is
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yours.</p>
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<p>The result is loadable into the next project through the same <strong>Select</strong> dropdown — which is the
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point of saving one: a shop with its own measured coolant performance describes it once.</p>
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<h2 id="background-temperature">Background temperature</h2>
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<p>The <strong>Background</strong> leaf carries a single field, <strong>Background Temperature</strong> in °C: the surrounding
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temperature the thermal model works against. It defaults to 25 °C, it belongs to the project exactly
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as the coolant condition does, and it is read by the same milling-temperature model and by the feed
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optimizer, so it is not a display setting.</p>
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<p>Set it to the shop's real ambient. There is no file to load and nothing else to configure: one
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number, applied to the whole project.</p>
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<h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a class="xref" href="../../technique/milling-physics/coolant-model.html">Coolant Model</a> — the coefficients, the M-code that selects one, the shipped presets and the file format</li>
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<li><a class="xref" href="../../anatomy/general-setup/background-coolant.html">Background / Coolant Page</a> — the Control-Tree editor for these values, field by field</li>
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<li><a href="index.html">Setup</a> — the rest of the pre-simulation configuration</li>
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</ul>
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