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<article data-uid="">
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<h1 id="spindle-capability">Spindle Capability</h1>
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<p>Describing the machine's spindle: how much power and torque it delivers at each speed, for how long,
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and how hot it may get. You fill it in from the machine builder's spindle data sheet, and every spindle
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number a run reports is measured against it. What the curves mean physically is
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<a class="xref" href="../../technique/machine-capability/spindle-capability.html">Spindle Capability</a>; this page is where you enter them.</p>
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<h2 id="where-it-is">Where it is</h2>
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<p>The General Setup page, at <code>/general-setup</code>, reached from the menu bar's <strong>Page</strong> dropdown. Select the
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<strong>Spindle Capability</strong> branch of the Control Tree (<code>/general-setup?tree=equipment/spindle</code>) — the
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equipment item straight after Machine Tool. The tree and the selected node's editor share the left
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dock; this branch also fills the page's middle <strong>content column</strong> with a power and a torque chart,
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which stay mounted as you walk its six nodes. Until a project is open the branch is inert: the root
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reports <em>No spindle capability attached to this project.</em> and points at the <strong>Object Management</strong>
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(<code>⋮</code>) menu's <strong>Load</strong>, and each child shows <em>No spindle capability attached. Load one on the Spindle
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Capability item.</em> in place of its fields. The selection rides in the address bar as the <code>?tree=</code> value
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the paths below quote; what those ids do and do not promise across versions is
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<a href="../basics/finding-your-way.html">Finding Your Way</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="what-each-child-asks-for">What each child asks for</h2>
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<p>The root node carries the ⋮ menu first, then the <strong>Name</strong> and the <strong>Note</strong>; the five children carry the
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values, and each edit lands on the project's equipment as you make it.</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Node</th>
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<th>What to enter</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Thermal / Energy</strong><br><code>.../thermal</code></td>
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<td><strong>Energy Efficiency</strong>, the output / input power ratio between 0 and 1; and the <strong>Working Temperature Upper Boundary</strong> in °C, the housing temperature the spindle is rated to work up to.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Gear Shift</strong><br><code>.../gear-shift</code></td>
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<td>Whether the spindle has a gear-shift mechanism (L/H), and the <strong>Gear Shift Spindle Speed</strong> in rpm at which it changes range. Leaving the box clear states a single-range spindle; the speed field stays disabled.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Dry-Run Coefficients</strong><br><code>.../dry-run</code></td>
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<td>The <strong>Friction Power Coefficient</strong> (mW/rpm) and the <strong>Windage Power Coefficient</strong> (pW/rpm³), the spindle's dry-run idle power — the two terms and where each dominates are <a class="xref" href="../../technique/machine-capability/spindle-capability.html">Spindle Capability</a>.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Power Contours</strong><br><code>.../power</code></td>
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<td>One kW-against-rpm curve per duty rating.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Torque Contours</strong><br><code>.../torque</code></td>
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<td>The same curves, in Nm.</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2 id="entering-a-contour">Entering a contour</h2>
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<ol>
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<li>Select <strong>Power Contours</strong> or <strong>Torque Contours</strong>. <strong>Add</strong> asks for a workable duration in minutes,
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pre-filled with 60 — clear the field for the continuous curve — and starts the new curve as a copy
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of the selected one.</li>
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<li>Pick the curve to edit in the <strong>Contour</strong> selector, which names each by its duration and the
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unlimited one <strong>Continuous</strong>; its pencil button re-opens that duration, its delete button removes
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the curve, and a chip click on the chart selects one just as the selector does.</li>
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<li>The table below is the curve itself: one row per spindle speed and value, an insert button that
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clones a row, a double-click that removes one, and a chart that redraws on every edit.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The delete button beside the pencil removes the whole selected curve. It is disabled while only one
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curve is left, so an axis that has curves cannot be emptied from here.</p>
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<p><strong>Power Contours</strong> selected on a demo project, at <code>/general-setup?tree=equipment/spindle/power</code>. The
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tree shows the branch's five children; the middle column carries the pair of charts, which stay put
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as you walk between those children; and the panel under the tree is the editor for one curve —
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<strong>Power contours (2)</strong> with its <strong>Add</strong> button, the <strong>Contour</strong> selector reading <em>360 min</em>, and the
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four rows of that curve. The chart legends carry one chip per curve, <em>360 min</em> and <em>Cont.</em>, and a
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click on a chip moves the editor to that curve.</p>
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<p><img src="spindle-capability-img/power-contours.en.png" alt="The Spindle Capability branch expanded with Power Contours selected: the power and torque charts in the middle column, each with a 360 min and a Cont. legend chip, and the contour editor below the tree showing the Contour selector and a four-row spindle-speed and power table"></p>
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<h2 id="where-the-numbers-come-from">Where the numbers come from</h2>
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<p>The machine's or spindle's spec sheet, as the speed–power–torque diagram with the duty ratings printed
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on it; which printed rating becomes which curve is
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<a class="xref" href="../../technique/machine-capability/spindle-capability.html">Spindle Capability</a>, which shows the mapping against a real datasheet
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chart. The default energy efficiency of 0.4 is the conversion HiNC's power figures were validated at, in
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<a class="xref" href="../../technique/machine-capability/spindle-power-evaluation.html">Spindle Power Evaluation</a>; what to ask the machine owner for is
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<a class="xref" href="../../workflows/project-data-checklist.html">Project Data Checklist</a>.</p>
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<p><strong>The two dry-run coefficients are the ones a datasheet almost never prints.</strong> Their defaults —
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4.82 mW/rpm of friction and 90 pW/rpm³ of windage — are estimated from published measurements of
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comparable spindles rather than measured on yours, and they are a reasonable place to leave the
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field unless you have run the spindle empty and measured its idle draw.</p>
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<p>Leaving the branch alone is a choice rather than a blank: a project never given a capability carries a
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stand-in — the <strong>TMV-720A-STD-8000RPM</strong> spindle, the same curves as one of the three shipped files, so
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its name is what the root node shows: 15-minute, 60-minute and continuous curves on each axis, topping
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out at 8000 rpm, with 0.4 efficiency and a 65 °C ceiling. That is fine for light cuts in small or soft
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stock. Near the machine's limit it is the wrong envelope, and everything measured against it inherits
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the error — the spindle torque, power and temperature ratios the run charts, and the feed the optimizer
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assigns under the spindle safety factors, which are
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<a class="xref" href="../../technique/machine-capability/machine-condition.html">Machine Condition and Safety Factors</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="loading-and-saving">Loading and saving</h2>
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<p>The root node's ⋮ menu is the branch's whole file surface. The capability is stored in the project, so
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one already carrying the right spindle needs no file at all; <strong>Copy</strong>, <strong>Paste</strong> and <strong>XML Mode</strong> move
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it as XML, and an XML <strong>Apply</strong> installs exactly as a Load does.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Load</strong> browses the server for a <code>.SpindleCapability</code> or <code>.xml</code> file — the project or
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administrator directory, the latter carrying the shipped resource library where three ready-made
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capabilities are installed. It replaces the capability outright; the branch and the charts reload
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onto the new one.</li>
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<li><strong>Save As</strong> writes the current capability out, offered as <code>SpindleCapability.xml</code> in the project
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folder: how a spindle you have tuned becomes reusable in the next project.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a class="xref" href="../../technique/machine-capability/spindle-capability.html">Spindle Capability</a> — what these curves mean, and how the run's spindle ratios and temperature come out of them</li>
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<li><a class="xref" href="../../workflows/project-data-checklist.html">Project Data Checklist</a> — the data to collect from the machine owner before filling this branch in</li>
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<li><a href="machine-tool.html">Machine Tool</a> — the machine whose spindle this describes</li>
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<li><a href="index.html">Setup</a> — the rest of the pre-simulation configuration</li>
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</ul>
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