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<article data-uid="Technique-Chatter">
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<h1 id="chatter-and-what-the-simulation-does-about-it">Chatter, and What the Simulation Does About It</h1>
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<p>Chatter is self-excited vibration between cutter and workpiece, and it is the one failure mode
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that a purely geometric look at the toolpath cannot see. HiNC does not predict chatter directly.
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What it does instead is give the cut a force ceiling that keeps it out of the regime where chatter
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starts, which covers the cutter side and leaves two other cases to be handled by the operator.</p>
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<h2 id="cutter-chatter--handled-by-a-force-ceiling">Cutter Chatter — Handled by a Force Ceiling</h2>
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<p>Cutter chatter does not begin while the cutting force stays below a threshold. That threshold is a
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property of the machine, not of the program: a well-maintained machine tolerates a higher force
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before it chatters, and the same NC on a worn one will chatter earlier.</p>
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<p>So the lever is the optimizer's <strong>preferred cutting force</strong>
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(<a class="xref" href="../../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_OptPreferedForce_N">OptPreferedForce_N</a>). Optimizing to a preferred force holds
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the cut under a ceiling for its whole length instead of only at the peaks, and if a particular
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machine still chatters, the answer is a lower preferred force rather than a different toolpath.
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The value that works is found once per machine and reused.</p>
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<h2 id="workpiece-chatter--not-estimated">Workpiece Chatter — Not Estimated</h2>
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<p>Workpiece chatter is not estimated. A thin, tall or poorly supported workpiece can vibrate at
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forces the cutter itself tolerates comfortably, and nothing in the simulation reports it. Where
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the part is the flexible member, the force ceiling that protects the cutter is not the ceiling
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that protects the surface.</p>
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<h2 id="fixed-frequency-vibration--not-the-programs-fault">Fixed-Frequency Vibration — Not the Program's Fault</h2>
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<p>Fixed-frequency vibration comes from the machine's own condition — bearings, drives, structure —
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and is <strong>independent of the toolpath</strong>. No NC change removes it, and re-optimizing will not help.
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The practical avoidance is a spindle speed that does not coincide with the machine's harmonic
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frequencies.</p>
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<h2 id="strain-hardening--why-it-is-not-modelled">Strain Hardening — Why It Is Not Modelled</h2>
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<p>A related question that comes up in the same conversation: milling's depth of cut is far greater
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than the strain-hardened layer left by the previous pass, so the hardened material is a small
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fraction of what each tooth removes. The effect on the process is minimal, and the simulation does
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not model it.</p>
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<h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../machine-capability/machine-condition.html">Machine Condition and Safety Factors</a> — the machine-side settings that decide how much force the model is allowed to ask for</li>
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<li><a href="cutter-adjustment-levers.html">Cutter Adjustment Levers for Force Reduction</a> — what to change when the force has to come down and the feed rate is already as low as it can go</li>
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</ul>
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