161 lines
8.1 KiB
HTML
161 lines
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<title>NC優化 | HiAPI-C# 2025 </title>
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<article data-uid="NcOptimization">
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<h1 id="nc優化">NC優化</h1>
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<p>可同時參考閱讀腳本指令<a class="xref" href="../script/NcOptimization/index.html">NC優化</a>。</p>
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<h2 id="優化目標">優化目標</h2>
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<p>優化是期望將加工中的物理量盡可能等於目標量。</p>
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<p>由於優化進給採用保守策略，優化後的NC碼的物理量會盡可能<strong>等於或小於</strong>目標量。</p>
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<h3 id="優化進給率的決定因素">優化進給率的決定因素</h3>
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<p>優化進給率由以下兩者決定：</p>
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<ol>
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<li><strong>個別<a class="xref" href="../concepts/step.html">步</a>的物理量限制</strong>：各步基於目標力、降伏應力、主軸扭力等計算的進給率限制</li>
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<li><strong>步間的平滑化</strong>：加減速限制、延伸長度等交互影響</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="優化後模擬結果的差異">優化後模擬結果的差異</h2>
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<p>進給率更改後的模擬，插補點與更改前不同，會造成：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>不同的模擬網格誤差</li>
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<li>表粗等級的表面形貌更改</li>
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</ol>
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<p>所以優化後的模擬物理量不一定與目標量相等或以下，也有可能比目標量稍高。</p>
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<p>插補點密度在圓角轉角處對表面形貌的影響較直線大，所以這種情況在圓角轉角可能更明顯。</p>
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<div class="TIP">
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<h5>Tip</h5>
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<p>關於轉角處優化進給率異常偏低的現象，請參閱<a href="../theory-and-technique/corner-behavior/index.html">轉角進給率優化</a>。</p>
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</div>
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<h2 id="速度平滑化">速度平滑化</h2>
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<p>平滑範圍會中止於巨集指令或無法解譯路徑的行指令。</p>
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<p><em>速度平滑化</em>會根據當行指令行經路徑長度做加減速限制。
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所以<em>速度平滑化</em>對<em>可重新插補</em>的區域有效；
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但是對不可重新插補的區域，雖然仍有加減速限制，但可能因為單行行經路徑過長，使得實際應用上難以發揮作用。</p>
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<h2 id="幾何誤差的影響">幾何誤差的影響</h2>
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<p>目前的NC優化是基於理想的幾何模型，如果工件為鑄件，或有工件安裝誤差，則需以保守方式設定較大的工件幾何於系統內，避免系統將有切削區域誤判為無切削區域，從而造成撞刀。</p>
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<h2 id="斷刀解決方案">斷刀解決方案</h2>
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<p>更改加工路徑降低切寬深 或 以HiNC優化功能調整進給率，將<strong>降伏應力比</strong>、<strong>主軸最大扭矩比</strong>、<strong>主軸最大功率比</strong>降至100%以下。</p>
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<h2 id="熱崩刃解決方案">熱崩刃解決方案</h2>
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<p>在解決斷刀問題的前提下，降低轉速，讓刀刃有充足時間散熱。</p>
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<p>注意冷卻液是否對準刀刃影響甚大。</p>
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<h2 id="追蹤個別步的物理量限制">追蹤個別步的物理量限制</h2>
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<p>如需了解個別步的進給率是被哪個物理量所限制，可以先將平滑化相關設定為不作用，然後啟用日誌：</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">OptMaxAcceleration_mmds2 = double.PositiveInfinity;
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OptFeedrateAssignmentRatio = 0;
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OptExtendedPreDistance_mm = 0;
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OptExtendedPostDistance_mm = 0;
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EnableIndividualStepAdjustmentLog = true;
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EmbeddedLogMode = NcOptimizationEmbeddedLogMode.FullLog;
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</code></pre>
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<p>執行優化後，檢視 <code>.IndependentStepAdjustment.log</code> 檔案，即可查看各步階的獨立優化計算結果，了解是哪個物理量限制了進給率。</p>
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<p>日誌檔案的詳細欄位說明請參閱腳本指令<a class="xref" href="../script/NcOptimization/index.html">NC優化</a>中的<a href="../script/NcOptimization/index.html#%E5%84%AA%E5%8C%96%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%8C%E6%AA%94">優化過程日誌檔</a>章節。</p>
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