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<h1 id="dynamometer-experiment-sop">Dynamometer Experiment SOP</h1>
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<p>Capture three-axis force data using a dynamometer and calculate the milling force coefficients.</p>
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<h2 id="dynamometer-setup-photography">Dynamometer Setup Photography</h2>
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<p>After setting up the experimental equipment, push in the X, Y, and Z directions by hand while observing whether the dynamometer output is correct.</p>
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<p>This process must be photographed or recorded on video. The frame should simultaneously show the dynamometer output and the hand pushing.</p>
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<p>Ensure the dynamometer wiring is correct and the sign conventions are correct, so the experimental setup can be traced back later.</p>
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<h2 id="tool">Tool</h2>
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<p>Use a square-end (non-corner-radius) end mill. Recommended tool parameters:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>D10</li>
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<li>Flute4</li>
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<li>Helix35</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Flute count and rake angle are unrestricted, and all three of flute count, helix angle and rake angle must be accurately recorded along with the tool brand and model.</p>
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<p>The helix angle is the one that is not free. A cut set whose cutters all share one helix angle leaves a combination of the shear coefficients unobservable in the bending-moment channel, whatever the data quality, so a training that reads Mx/My needs at least two clearly different helix angles among its cutters — see <a href="../technique/measurement/training-cut-set-design.html">Designing a Training Cut Set</a>. Two stock cutters ground at different helix angles are enough; nothing custom is required.</p>
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<p>A 10 mm diameter is used to avoid tool breakage when cutting difficult materials. The 10 mm standard was established based on Inconel 718 as the safety baseline for this experiment.</p>
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<h2 id="workpiece--toolpath">Workpiece / Toolpath</h2>
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<p>Workpiece dimensions: dynamometer length × width × convenient clamping height (50 mm)</p>
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<p><img src="dynamometer-experiment-sop-img/fixWorkpiece.jpg" alt="fix-workpiece.jpg"></p>
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<p><img src="dynamometer-experiment-sop-img/StraightLineTraining-path.png" alt="The straight-line training path the experiment cuts"></p>
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<p>Cutting depth is 0.5 mm.</p>
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<p>Toolpath categories are identified by keywords: low, high, through.</p>
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<p>“low” denotes low spindle speed, “high” denotes high spindle speed, and “through” denotes a through-pass.
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There are 8 cuts in total: low1, low2, low3, high1, high2, high3, through1, through2.</p>
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<p>If material is limited, low2 and low3 alone are sufficient to complete the training.</p>
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<p>low1 intentionally cuts along the edge so that through1 can smoothly enter the cutting zone.</p>
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<p>The high series uses the same feed per tooth as the low series but at different spindle speeds, primarily to observe whether spindle speed affects cutting forces.
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If constrained by material, machine, or other factors, high2 and high3 can be omitted first.</p>
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<p>through1 and through2 maintain a constant CWE and serve as validation passes.</p>
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<p>If the material is too hard, the cutting depth can be reduced for the experiment.</p>
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<h2 id="experiment-results">Experiment Results</h2>
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<p>The dynamometer data must be retained.</p>
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