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<article data-uid="Workflow-BasicSimulation">
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<h1 id="workflow-basic-machining-simulation">Workflow: Basic Machining Simulation</h1>
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<p>This workflow walks through setting up and running a machining simulation from scratch, including project configuration, option tuning, NC execution, and result inspection.</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-mermaid">flowchart TD
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Equipment["Set machine tool &<br>controller brand/type"]
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Job["Set workpiece, fixture,<br>tool house, NC files,<br>controller offsets"]
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Option["Tune simulation options<br>(resolution, physics, etc.)"]
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Run["Run simulation"]
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View["View results"]
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Equipment --> Job --> Option --> Run --> View
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="1-set-machine-tool-and-controller">1. Set Machine Tool and Controller</h2>
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<p>The machine tool and controller are fixed equipment that define the physical simulation environment.</p>
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<h3 id="machine-tool">Machine Tool</h3>
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<p>The machine tool (<code>.mt</code> file) provides the kinematic model and STL bodies. Once selected it rarely changes between simulations.</p>
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<h3 id="controller">Controller</h3>
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<p>Select the controller brand and type (e.g., Fanuc, Heidenhain, Siemens). This determines how NC code is interpreted. See <a href="../manual/setup/controller-heidenhain.html">Heidenhain Support</a> and <a href="../manual/setup/controller-iso.html">General NC Code Support</a> for details.</p>
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<h3 id="gui-operation">GUI Operation</h3>
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<p>Open or create a project in the HiNC application and configure machine tool and controller through the corresponding panels before setting up the job.</p>
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<hr>
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<h2 id="2-set-job-components">2. Set Job Components</h2>
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<p>With equipment fixed, configure the job-specific components that change between simulations.</p>
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<h3 id="job-components">Job Components</h3>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Component</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Workpiece</strong></td>
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<td>Geometry (STL or parametric), material, and coordinate frame</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Fixture</strong> (optional)</td>
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<td>Fixture geometry that participates in collision detection</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Tool House</strong></td>
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<td>One or more cutting tools with geometry and flute definitions</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>NC Files</strong></td>
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<td>The NC programs to simulate</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>Controller Offsets</strong></td>
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<td>Tool offset tables, work offset tables, and other controller-specific presets</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<div class="TIP">
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<h5>Tip</h5>
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<p>All file paths used in script commands are relative to the project directory unless an absolute path is given.</p>
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</div>
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<h3 id="script-access">Script Access</h3>
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<p>The workpiece and fixture objects are available through <a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_Workpiece">Workpiece</a><small>(API)</small> and <a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_Fixture">Fixture</a><small>(API)</small>.</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">var workpiece = Workpiece;
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var fixture = Fixture;
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="gui-operation-1">GUI Operation</h3>
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<p>Configure each component through the corresponding panels (Workpiece, Fixture, Tool House windows).</p>
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<hr>
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<h2 id="3-tune-simulation-options">3. Tune Simulation Options</h2>
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<p>Simulation options control the trade-off between accuracy and speed.</p>
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<h3 id="31-workpiece-entity-resolution">3.1 Workpiece Entity Resolution</h3>
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<p><a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_MachiningResolution_mm">MachiningResolution_mm</a><small>(API)</small> sets the smallest cube width of the workpiece mesh.</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">MachiningResolution_mm = 0.125;
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</code></pre>
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<p>Valid values are <strong>powers of 2</strong> (e.g., 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125). If you supply a non-power-of-2 value the system rounds to the nearest power of 2.</p>
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<div class="WARNING">
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<h5>Warning</h5>
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<p>Each halving of mesh width can increase computation time and RAM by up to <strong>8x</strong>. Start with a coarser resolution and refine only when needed.</p>
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</div>
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<h3 id="32-display-cache">3.2 Display Cache</h3>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">DispCache_Mb = 260;
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</code></pre>
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<p>The display resolution depends on the cache size. Recommended value should not exceed 1000 Mb.</p>
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<h3 id="33-machining-motion-resolution">3.3 Machining Motion Resolution</h3>
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<p>Machining motion resolution determines the interval of each simulation step. Options:</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Mode</th>
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<th>Command</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>Feed Per Cycle</td>
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<td><code>MachiningMotionResolution = FeedPerCycle;</code></td>
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<td>One step per spindle revolution</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Scaled Feed Per Cycle</td>
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<td><code>MachiningMotionResolution = ScaledFeedPerCycle(0.5);</code></td>
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<td>One step per revolution × scale factor</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Feed Per Tooth</td>
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<td><code>MachiningMotionResolution = FeedPerTooth;</code></td>
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<td>One step per tooth revolution (default)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Fixed Pace</td>
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<td><code>MachiningMotionResolution = FixedPace(1, 15);</code></td>
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<td>Fixed linear (mm) and rotary (deg) resolution</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<div class="WARNING">
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<h5>Warning</h5>
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<p><strong>Do not use scaled model dimensions as a substitute for adjusting mesh width.</strong> Scaling model dimensions causes internal algorithm thresholds (minimum cuttable amount, floating-point-to-fraction range) to become invalid, producing irregular geometry artifacts. Adjust resolution settings instead.</p>
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</div>
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<h3 id="34-xml-configuration">3.4 XML Configuration</h3>
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<p>Resolution can also be set in the <code>.hincproj</code> file or changed mid-simulation via NC code comments:</p>
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<pre><code>T01 M06 (;@MachiningResolution_mm=0.03125;)
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</code></pre>
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<hr>
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<h2 id="4-run-simulation">4. Run Simulation</h2>
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<p>There are three ways to drive the simulation.</p>
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<h3 id="41-playncfile--execute-from-a-file">4.1 PlayNcFile — Execute from a File</h3>
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<p><a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_PlayNcFile_">PlayNcFile</a><small>(API)</small> reads and executes an NC file.</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">PlayNcFile("NC/file1.nc");
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="42-plaync--execute-from-a-string">4.2 PlayNc — Execute from a String</h3>
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<p><a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_PlayNc_">PlayNc</a><small>(API)</small> executes NC code directly from a string, useful for programmatic or dynamically generated commands.</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">double x = 10.0;
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PlayNc($"G01 X{x} Y20 F100", "Generated Command");
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="43-playcsvfile--drive-from-csv-data">4.3 PlayCsvFile — Drive from CSV Data</h3>
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<p><a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_PlayCsvFile_">PlayCsvFile</a><small>(API)</small> drives the simulation from a CSV file containing axis positions, spindle speed, and feed rate.</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">PlayCsvFile("Data/file1.csv");
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</code></pre>
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<p>Required CSV columns (default headers): <code>MC.X</code>, <code>MC.Y</code>, <code>MC.Z</code>, <code>ToolId</code>, <code>SpindleSpeed_rpm</code>, <code>Feedrate_mmdmin</code>. Optional: <code>MC.A</code>, <code>MC.B</code>, <code>MC.C</code>, <code>ActualTime</code>, <code>StepDuration</code>.</p>
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<p>Headers and timestamp values may be wrapped in double quotes; the parser strips them. <code>ActualTime</code> accepts either <code>HH:mm:ss.fff</code> or an absolute <code>yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.ffffff</code> form (the absolute form is required when chaining with <a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_MapSeriesByCsvFile_">MapSeriesByCsvFile</a><small>(API)</small>, which matches by <code>TimeTag</code>):</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csv">"ActualTime","Feedrate_mmdmin","MC.X","MC.Y","MC.Z","SpindleSpeed_rpm","ToolId"
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"2026-03-16 15:57:45.559000",10000.0,-351.745,-244.799,-215.799,1270,1
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"2026-03-16 15:57:45.705000",10000.0,-351.745,-244.799,-215.799,1270,1
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</code></pre>
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<p>When a real-world controller log includes extra columns (e.g., <code>t_receive</code>, <code>cnc_delay_s</code>, <code>status</code>) or uses alternative column names (<code>X</code>/<code>Y</code>/<code>Z</code>, <code>feedrate</code>, <code>spindle_speed</code>), preprocess the file to drop or rename columns before passing it to <a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_PlayCsvFile_">PlayCsvFile</a><small>(API)</small>.</p>
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<div class="TIP">
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<h5>Tip</h5>
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<p>CSV files exported by <a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_WriteStepFiles_">WriteStepFiles</a><small>(API)</small> can be directly read back with <a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_PlayCsvFile_">PlayCsvFile</a><small>(API)</small>.</p>
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</div>
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<h3 id="44-player-control">4.4 Player Control</h3>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Command</th>
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<th>Purpose</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_Pace">Pace()</a><small>(API)</small></td>
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<td>Insert a pausable checkpoint</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_Pause">Pause()</a><small>(API)</small></td>
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<td>Pause execution</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="xref" href="../api/Hi.MachiningProcs.SessionShell.html#Hi_MachiningProcs_SessionShell_Reset">Reset()</a><small>(API)</small></td>
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<td>Reset player state</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">PlayNcFile("NC/file1.nc");
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if (someCondition)
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Pause();
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</code></pre>
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<hr>
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<h2 id="5-view-results">5. View Results</h2>
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<h3 id="51-runtime-geometry">5.1 Runtime Geometry</h3>
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<p>After simulation the workpiece geometry is a <strong>Runtime Geometry</strong> (cubic mesh). You can save and reload it to avoid re-computing the initial shape:</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">WriteRuntimeGeom("Cache/file1.wct");
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WriteRuntimeGeomToStl("Output/file1.stl");
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</code></pre>
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<p>To reload a saved geometry for a subsequent run:</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">ReadRuntimeGeom("Cache/init.wct");
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PlayNcFile("NC/file1.nc");
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="52-step-data-inspection">5.2 Step Data Inspection</h3>
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<p>Each simulation step carries rich data (force, torque, power, thermal, wear). Access individual steps:</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">var step = GetMillingStep(100);
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Message($"ToolId={step.ToolId}, Force={step.MaxAbsForce_N} N");
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</code></pre>
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<p>Total step count:</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">var total = StepCount;
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Message($"Total steps: {total}");
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="53-export-data">5.3 Export Data</h3>
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<p>Export step-level CSV:</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">WriteStepFiles("Output/[NcName].step.csv");
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</code></pre>
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<p>Export waveform (shot) CSV:</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">WriteShotFiles("Output/[NcName].shot.csv", 1);
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="54-messages">5.4 Messages</h3>
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<p>Use messages to log and track simulation progress:</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-csharp">Message("Simulation complete");
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AppendMessagesToFile("Output/messages.txt");
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</code></pre>
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<hr>
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<h2 id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</h2>
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<table>
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||
<thead>
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||
<tr>
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||
<th>Symptom</th>
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<th>Likely Cause</th>
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<th>Fix</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
</thead>
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||
<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>Very slow simulation</td>
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<td>Resolution too fine</td>
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<td>Increase <code>MachiningResolution_mm</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Irregular bumps on geometry</td>
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<td>Scaled model dimensions instead of resolution</td>
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<td>Use resolution settings only; see warning above</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Display lag</td>
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<td><code>DispCache_Mb</code> too large</td>
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<td>Reduce display cache (< 1000 Mb recommended)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Empty step data</td>
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<td>Simulation not run or tool not engaging workpiece</td>
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<td>Verify tool path intersects the workpiece</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../manual/setup/controller-heidenhain.html">Heidenhain Support</a> — controller configuration</li>
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<li><a href="../manual/setup/controller-iso.html">General NC Code Support</a> — ISO NC support</li>
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<li><a href="../manual/runtime/step.html">Step</a> — what a step is, accessing and outputting step data</li>
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<li><a href="../manual/runtime/step-fields.html">Step Field Reference</a> — step field reference</li>
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<li><a class="xref" href="../manual/runtime/script-command.html">Glossary: Script Commands</a> — script command basics</li>
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<li><a class="xref" href="../manual/runtime/session-shell.html">Glossary: SessionShell Quick-Reference</a> — SessionShell quick-reference</li>
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</ul>
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</article>
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