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        <article data-uid="Technique-ValidationTemperature">
          <h1 id="temperature-and-wear-validation">Temperature and Wear Validation</h1>

<p>Temperature and wear sit two steps downstream of cutting force, so their agreement with
measurement is a test of the whole chain rather than of one model. Both have been checked against
instruments rather than against expectation.</p>
<h2 id="temperature-against-thermal-imaging">Temperature, Against Thermal Imaging</h2>
<p>Infrared thermography (IRT) of a running cut was compared against the simulated temperatures.</p>
<p><img src="temperature-and-wear-img/irt-temperature-validation.png" alt="IRT measurement against simulated temperature"></p>
<p>Three things the comparison establishes:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>A</strong> — the IRT-measured temperature aligns with the simulated <strong>cutter</strong> temperature at 0.5 mm
depth. That depth matters: the surface reading and the body reading are different numbers, and
the simulation reports both.</li>
<li><strong>B</strong> — the high temperature on the blur is an <strong>unescaped chip</strong>, and the IRT reading there
matches the simulated <strong>chip</strong> temperature. What looks like a hot cutter is often a hot chip
that has not left.</li>
<li><strong>C</strong> — the temperature peak in the trace originates from that blur, not from the cutting edge.</li>
</ul>
<p>The practical consequence: a thermal measurement of a cut is not automatically a measurement of
the tool. Chip evacuation has to be accounted for before an IRT reading and a simulated cutter
temperature can be compared at all.</p>
<h2 id="wear-from-the-same-thermal-model">Wear, From the Same Thermal Model</h2>
<p>Wear per revolution is computed from temperature, pressure, friction length and hardness:</p>
<div class="math">
\[
W(T)=k(T)\frac{L P}{H(T)}
\]</div>
<p>Both the temperature and the hardness terms are temperature-dependent, which is why the wear
figure is only as good as the thermal chain above it.</p>
<p><img src="temperature-and-wear-img/wear-evaluation-snapshot.jpg" alt="Wear evaluation"></p>
<p>Measured against a real cutter, the depth figures hold up well enough to be used as a comparison
between two programs — the 50 µm against 20 µm result in
<a href="optimization-results.html">Optimization Results</a> is a measured wear depth, not a simulated one.</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="cutting-force.html">Cutting Force and Torque Validation</a> — the quantity this chain is derived from</li>
<li><a class="xref" href="../milling-physics/wear.html">Tool Life &amp; Wear</a> — the wear model itself, its three reported quantities, and where flank-wear width stops being valid</li>
</ul>

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