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<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Cutter Configuration Notes | HiAPI-C# 2025 </title>
<title>Cutter | HiAPI-C# 2025 </title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="title" content="Cutter Configuration Notes | HiAPI-C# 2025 ">
<meta name="title" content="Cutter | HiAPI-C# 2025 ">
<link rel="icon" href="../../img/HiAPI.favicon.ico">
@@ -85,91 +85,118 @@
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<article data-uid="">
<h1 id="cutter-configuration-notes">Cutter Configuration Notes</h1>
<h1 id="cutter">Cutter</h1>
<h2 id="cutter-body-settings">Cutter Body Settings</h2>
<h3 id="cutter-body-types">Cutter Body Types</h3>
<p>Cutter body types include:</p>
<p>A tool is one entry in the project's tool house, identified by its T-number, and it is the whole
assembly the spindle turns: a cutter, the holder it sits in, how far it stands out, and the sensor
settings a smart holder needs. All of it is edited on the Tool House page, one tool at a time and one
aspect per tab.</p>
<p>What each quantity means, and how to choose between the two ways of expressing a cutting envelope,
is <a class="xref" href="../../technique/milling-physics/cutter-geometry.html">Cutter Geometry</a>. This page is where they are entered.</p>
<h2 id="where-it-is">Where it is</h2>
<p>The Tool House page, at <code>/tool-house</code>, reached from the menu bar's <strong>Page</strong> dropdown. Three columns:
the tool house and its tool list on the left, the selected tool's tabs in the middle, and a canvas
drawing that tool on the right. Selecting a different tool keeps the tab you were on, so a walk down
the list stays on the same aspect of each tool.</p>
<p>Tool 1 of a fifteen-tool demo house with the <strong>Cutter</strong> tab open, at <code>/tool-house/1/cutter/profile</code>.
The tool list carries one row per tool — its number badge and its note, or the derived abstract note
where no note has been typed. The tab strip above the editor is the tool's five tabs; below the
cutter's own identity fields is a second strip of section tabs, and <strong>Flute Profile</strong> is the one
selected, showing a <strong>Column APT</strong> profile with its diameter, length of cut and round radius.</p>
<p><img src="cutter-img/flute-profile.en.png" alt="The Tool House page: a left column listing fifteen tools with New Tool above them, a middle column showing the General, Cutter, Holder, Clamping and Int. Holder tabs with Cutter selected, a Cutter Type of Milling Cutter over Shank Mass, Hone Radius and Relief Angle, a section tab strip reading Material, Flute Profile, Flute Contours, Upper Beam and Optimization with Flute Profile selected and a Column APT profile below it, and the cutter drawn on the canvas at the right"></p>
<h2 id="the-tool-house-is-a-file-of-its-own">The tool house is a file of its own</h2>
<p>The list on the left is the project's tool house, and the <strong>Object Management</strong> (<code>⋮</code>) button beside
<strong>New Tool</strong> manages <strong>the whole house rather than one tool</strong> — its file extension is
<code>.MachiningToolHouse</code>. That is how a set of tools is reused: <strong>Save As</strong> writes the house out, and
<strong>Load</strong> on another project installs it in place of whatever that project had. A shop that runs the
same twenty tools across every job describes them once.</p>
<p><strong>New Tool</strong> stays disabled until the project has a tool house at all; a project without one shows an
empty-state block naming that button and the <code>.MachiningToolHouse</code> extension instead of the tool
count.</p>
<h2 id="creating-duplicating-and-deleting-a-tool">Creating, duplicating and deleting a tool</h2>
<p>There is no dialog to fill in first — a new tool arrives with default values and is then set up in
the tabs.</p>
<ol>
<li>Press <strong>New Tool</strong>. The tool takes the next number: one past the largest already in the house, or
1 in an empty one.</li>
<li>Open the <strong>General</strong> tab to give it its identity. <strong>Tool ID</strong> is the T-number, and committing a
change there renames the tool. <strong>Note</strong> is yours to write; the read-only <strong>Abstract Note</strong> beneath
it is derived from the cutter you give the tool in the next step, and carries a one-click copy
button.</li>
<li><strong>Duplicate</strong> and <strong>Delete</strong> are icon buttons on the same tab. A duplicate is inserted at the
first free number past both the tool it was copied from and the largest in the house, so it never
lands on top of an existing tool.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>A tool number cannot be repeated.</strong> Renaming a tool onto a number the house already holds is
refused as a conflict rather than overwriting anything, so the way to swap two numbers is to move one
of them out of the way first.</p>
<p>Tool 1's <strong>General</strong> tab, at <code>/tool-house/1</code>. The <strong>Abstract Note</strong> below the editable note is
derived from the cutter the tool carries rather than typed, which is why a tool with no note of its
own still reads as something recognisable in the list on the left.</p>
<p><img src="cutter-img/tool-house-general.en.png" alt="The General tab of the Tool House page with tool 1 selected out of fifteen, showing the Tool ID and Note fields above a read-only Abstract Note describing the cutter, and the cutter drawn on the canvas at the right"></p>
<h2 id="giving-it-a-cutter">Giving it a cutter</h2>
<p>The <strong>Cutter</strong> tab chooses what kind of cutter the tool carries — <strong>Milling Cutter</strong>, <strong>Freeform
Remover</strong>, or none — and holds the fields every cutter has: <strong>Shank Mass</strong>, <strong>Hone Radius</strong> and
<strong>Relief Angle</strong>. Assigning a milling cutter grows a second strip of section tabs beneath them, and
that is where the description proper is entered:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Section tab</th>
<th>What it holds</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Material</strong></td>
<td>The flute, shank and coating materials. It is there only while the <strong>Show Physics Options</strong> preference is on, and when it is there it is the <strong>first</strong> tab in the strip — so on a device with that preference off the strip has four tabs and opens on Flute Profile instead. See <a href="../basics/preferences.html">Preferences</a>, which also covers why flipping that preference does not change a strip already on screen.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Flute Profile</strong></td>
<td>The cutting-edge envelope, as one of the five APT types: General, Ball, Column, Cone and Taper.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Flute Contours</strong></td>
<td>The fluting: how many flutes, and each flute's side and bottom contour.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Upper Beam</strong></td>
<td>The shank above the flute.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Optimization</strong></td>
<td>The per-cutter limits the optimizer respects.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="holding-it-and-how-far-it-stands-out">Holding it, and how far it stands out</h2>
<p>Three more tabs carry the rest of the tool.</p>
<p><strong>Holder</strong> picks the holder kind — none, a <strong>Cylindroid</strong> holder, or a freeform one — and, for a
cylindroid holder, grows <strong>Geometry</strong> and <strong>Resolution</strong> sub-tabs: the holder's Z-against-radius
profile, and how finely it is meshed.</p>
<p><strong>Clamping</strong> is two numbers that are really one. <strong>Exposed Cutter Height</strong> is how far the cutter
stands out; <strong>Preserved Distance</strong> is the gap between the top of the flute and the spindle nose. They
differ by the flute height, so editing either one moves the other, and the panel says so.</p>
<p>Tool 1's <strong>Clamping</strong> tab, at <code>/tool-house/1/clamping</code>. The two fields read 28 mm and 8 mm, and the
line beneath them states the relation the server keeps between them.</p>
<p><img src="cutter-img/clamping.en.png" alt="The Clamping tab of the Tool House page showing an Exposed Cutter Height of 28 mm above a Preserved Distance field labelled flute top to spindle nose reading 8 mm, with a caption stating that ExposedCutterHeight equals PreservedDistance plus FluteHeight and that changing either field updates the other on the server"></p>
<p><strong>Int. Holder</strong> is the smart holder's <strong>Observation Location</strong>: which anchor the sensor reading is
referenced to — none, the tool tip, the holder anchor or the spindle buckle — then the height above
that anchor and the radius of the observation ring. What those settings mean is
<a class="xref" href="../../technique/measurement/smart-tool-holder.html">Smart Tool Holder</a>.</p>
<h2 id="two-kinds-this-screen-cannot-draw-the-numbers-for">Two kinds this screen cannot draw the numbers for</h2>
<p>The <strong>Freeform Remover</strong> cutter and the freeform holder geometry can be selected here, but this page
carries no editor for either. Picking one leaves whatever the tool already holds untouched — nothing
is cleared — and shows a note naming where that shape can be edited instead. The same is true of the
custom spinning profile: the Flute Profile tab offers the five APT types and nothing else.</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Milling</strong>
Any tool that machines by rotation is classified as milling in HiNC, including drilling and boring.</li>
<li><strong>Freeform Subtraction</strong>
Cutting tools, EDM (electrical discharge machining) dies.</li>
<li><a class="xref" href="../../technique/milling-physics/cutter-geometry.html">Cutter Geometry</a> — what every quantity on these tabs means, and when to prefer an extended cylinder over an explicit shank profile</li>
<li><a class="xref" href="../../technique/measurement/smart-tool-holder.html">Smart Tool Holder</a> — the sensor settings behind the Int. Holder tab</li>
<li><a class="xref" href="../../workflows/project-data-checklist.html">Project Data Checklist</a> — what to collect about a tool before creating it</li>
<li><a href="../../technique/milling-physics/index.html">Milling Physics</a> — the models every quantity entered here feeds</li>
<li><a href="index.html">Setup</a> — the rest of the pre-simulation configuration</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="milling-tool-description-parameters">Milling Tool Description Parameters</h3>
<ul>
<li>Material: Shank material, cutter body material, (multi-layer) coating material and thickness.</li>
<li>Cutting edge rotation envelope: Can use simplified parameters (APT) or a custom ZR table.</li>
<li>Simplified (yield-equivalent) edge center rotation envelope:
<ul>
<li>Solid space ratio of the cutting edge rotation envelope.</li>
<li>Custom ZR table.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Clamping end (non-cutting zone) shape: Custom ZR table.</li>
<li>Per-tooth geometry (including side edges and bottom edges):
<ul>
<li>Simplified parameters: Helix angle position, rake angle, relief angle.</li>
<li>Custom per-Z value: Helix angle position, rake angle, relief angle, radius length.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Hone radius, tool weight, insert weight, and (thermal-equivalent) thickness.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>For information on measuring rake angle and relief angle, refer to <a href="../analysis/radial-angle-measurement.html">Radial Angle Measurement</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="upper-beam-clamping-end--shank-geometry">Upper Beam (Clamping End / Shank) Geometry</h3>
<p>The <em>upper beam</em> is the cutter's shank / body above the flute — the non-cutting,
clamping zone. It can be modeled with several geometry types; the two common
choices are:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Cylindroid</strong> — an explicit ZR table. You author every <code>(Z, r)</code> pair, so the
shank radius (and any stepped / necked profile) is whatever you type in. This
faithfully reproduces a <em>known</em> shank, but every value is data you must supply.</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>Extended Cylinder</strong> — a cylinder whose <strong>start (bottom) profile is driven by
the flute</strong> and whose only parameter is the total length. Its radius follows
the cutter (flute-top) radius automatically, so it needs <strong>no shank
measurements</strong> — only a length long enough to reach the holder.</p>
<p>⚠ <strong><code>FullLength</code> is the beam's FULL length measured from <code>Z=0</code> (the cutter
tip), so it includes the flute span</strong> — it is <em>not</em> the remaining segment from
the flute top to the exposed end. It must therefore be <strong>larger than the flute
height</strong>: e.g. flute height 20 mm and 10 mm of shank above it → <code>FullLength = 30</code>, not 10. A value at or below the flute height inverts the beam solid;
thermal physics then cannot build its shank shell layers and reports a
<code>Cutter-UpperBeam--BelowFluteHeight</code> configuration error at tool change (the
web editor rejects such a value outright).</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Convention — prefer the Extended Cylinder when the shank is not given.</strong> Most
tool sheets (especially at quoting stage) list only the cutting diameter, corner
radius, and stick-out; they do not give a shank diameter or a stepped/necked
profile. In that case use the <strong>Extended Cylinder</strong>: it extends the flute by a
length without inventing a radius the data does not support. A hand-authored
Cylindroid here would bake a <em>guessed</em> shank radius into the model — and an
over-fat guess produces false clearance / collision results, while an over-thin
one understates the body. Reserve the <strong>Cylindroid</strong> (explicit ZR) for tools
whose shank or neck profile is actually known or measured — e.g. stepped,
necked, or back-tapered shanks where a flute-radius extension would be wrong.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Tip: because the Extended Cylinder's radius tracks the flute, set its length
comfortably past the exposed cutter height so the beam reaches into the holder
with no gap; the overlap is harmless for clearance checks.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="relief-angle-setting">Relief Angle Setting</h3>
<p>The relief angle setting in HiNC refers to the primary relief angle. It is used to calculate flank wear width (Flank Wear, VB).</p>
<h3 id="cutter-body-weight">Cutter Body Weight</h3>
<p>Cutter body weight is used for thermal transfer calculations.</p>
<ul>
<li>Solid tools: Enter the weight of the solid tool as the cutter body weight.</li>
<li>Indexable tools: Enter the total insert weight as the cutter body weight, excluding the weight of the tool body.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="hone-radius">Hone Radius</h3>
<p>The hone radius represents the sharpness of the tool and is the radius at the cutting edge tip. Typical values range from 20 to 50 um.</p>
<p>Tools used for machining easy-to-cut materials typically have a smaller hone radius (e.g., Al6061-T6, which can be assumed as 20 um); tools used for difficult-to-cut materials typically have a larger hone radius (e.g., stainless steel, which can be assumed as 50 um).</p>
<h3 id="edge-profile-and-edge-grind--bottom-edge-grind">Edge Profile and Edge Grind — Bottom Edge Grind</h3>
<p>The bottom edge grind needs to be configured when the bottom edge is horizontal or concave, and it affects segments with downward cutting.</p>
<p>Drill bits do not require bottom edge grind configuration — only the side edge grind needs to be set. This is because drill bit bottoms are not horizontal or concave. If a custom drill bit has a horizontal or concave bottom, then the bottom edge grind must be configured.</p>
<p>Typically, only bull-nose cutters require bottom edge grind configuration. Note that flat end mills usually do not perform downward cutting and should not, but if the process does so, the bottom edge grind must be configured.</p>
</article>